however

however 的用法，既简单，又具有独特语法色彩



however 常用于表示转折或对比，译为“然而”、“可是”，“不过”，“仍然”等时，有的词书认为它是连词，有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词，也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首，而且能位于句中，甚至句末，相当于 nevertheless 或 despite this.

一、however 可以置于句首，以逗号隔开，译为“然而、可是、仍然”等，例如：

He was feeling very ill. However, he went to school.

他感到很不舒服。但他仍然去上学了。

She is the best student in school. However, she doesn’t do homeworks .

她是学校里最好的学生。可是她没有按时做家庭作业。

二、however 还可以出现在主语或 be 动词之后，或实义动词之前，前后以逗号隔开，例如：

Many problems, however, escape detection.

然而许多问题却未被察觉。

We had a small drop in sales last month. We are, however, still above the plan.

上个月我们的销售额略有下降。然而，我们仍高于计划。

They do, however, share a mutual interest in design.

不过他们确实都对设计感兴趣。

三、当 however 用于连接两个独立的句子，应在 however 前面加分号“;”，或另起新句，例如：

I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full.

我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。

解析：此句等于 I'd like to go with you. However, my hands are full.

It’s raining hard; however, I think we should go out.

雨下得很大，但我想我们还得出去。

解析：此句等于 It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out.

四、在非正式写作中，however 还可以放在句尾，前面以逗号隔开，例如：

Laptop sales surpassed tablet sales in the last year. Mobile phones still remain the highest selling gadget, however.

去年，笔记本电脑的销量超过了平板电脑。然而，手机仍然是最畅销的电子产品。

五、虽然 however 可以以特殊的方式连接两个独立的句子，但不能被当作连词用，例如：

I was offered a promotion at the end of March, however I turned it down. I didn’t want the extra responsibility for a small pay increase.

三月底有人给我升职，但我拒绝了。我不想因为一点点加薪而承担额外的责任。

解析：以上不能用 however，此时只能用 but，正确的是：

I was offered a promotion at the end of March, but I turned it down. I didn’t want the extra responsibility for a small pay increase.

三月底有人给我升职，但我拒绝了。我不想因为一点点加薪而承担额外的责任。

We invited 100 customers to the presentation however only about 50 came.

我们邀请了100位顾客来参加演示，但只有大约50位顾客来了。

解析：以上不能用 however，此时只能用 but 或 however 特殊的连接独立句子的方式。

六、however 与副词或形容词连用，译为“无论到什么程度，不管多么”，例如：

1. however good/well/bad/badly/hard 等

She would still love him however badly he behaved.

不管他行为多么恶劣，她仍然爱他。

If you take money from the fund, however small the amount, you must record it in this book.

如果你从基金里取钱，不管数额多小，你必须把它记在这本书里。

However carefully I explained, she still didn't understand.

无论我解释得多么仔细，她还是没弄懂。

2. however much/many

We’re determined to have a wonderful holiday, however much it costs.

不管花多少钱，我们决心过一个愉快的假期。

However many times you explain things, you can never get him to understand.

不管你解释了多少次，你永远无法让他明白。

3. however long something takes

We are determined to solve this problem, however long it takes.

不管需要多长时间，我们决心解决这个问题。

七、however 译为”不管怎样，无论如何“，例如：

We let the kids decorate their rooms however they want to.

我们让孩子们随心所欲地装饰他们的房间。

However you look at it, this is very worrying news.

不管你怎么看，这是一个非常令人担忧的消息。

关注外语行天下，后期会更精彩。

however与but，hardly与hard的用法区别！

however与but

however和 but都意为“可是，但是”；但是用法不同。

（1）however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。例如：

It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy.

雨下得很大，然而我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。

（2）but是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，后面不用逗号，前后两句在总的意义上构成了对比。例如：

I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.

我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。

（3）however比but用的场合更正式, 因此however用于书面语,而but 常用于口语。另外, however的意思还不只局限于“但是;然而”，它还有其他的用法。例如：

However hard I worked, she was never satisfied.

无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。

However did you get here without a car?

没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?

13. hardly与hard

hardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。 （1）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not。例如：

There is hardly any coffee left.= There’s almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。

（2）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：

This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。

They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。

【拓展】常见的表示频度的副词：

（1）always 的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：

The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是西落。

（2）usually 的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：

He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。

（3）often 的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：

He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。

（4）sometimes 的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。例如：

It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。

Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。

（5）hardly ever 的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”。例如：

I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。

（6）never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。 例如：

My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。